Background and purpose: Oculogyric CRISIS which is a dystonic reaction commonly caused by typical antipsychotics treatment of acute dystonias, rarely occurs with atypical antipsychotics like clozapine. The aim of this report was to describe a rare case of clozapine-induced oculogyric CRISIS successfully treated with biperiden. Case: The patient was a 42-year-old woman with a 19-year history of schizophrenia treated with high-potency typical antipsychotics, risperidone and lithium augmentation with appropriate doses and duration. Because of poor response to prior medications, she was prescribed clozapine started with 25 mg/d and gradually titrated up to 150 mg/d. She has experienced two episodes of oculogyric CRISIS treated successfully with biperiden. Discussion: Although low affinity of clozapine for blocking D2 dopaminergic receptors and its anticholinergic activity may explain the significantly lower incidence of dystonic reactions, they may happen in some patients and could be suppressed with biperiden. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider dystonic reaction as a possible clozapine adverse effect and on the basis of this report, clozapine-induced oculogyric CRISIS may be treated successfully with biperiden.

Since the emergence of modernity, and in response to its myriad aspects and potentials, which are constantly unfolding, countless reactions have kept emerging in almost all quarters of the globe. A large variety of anti-modern reactions, the common core of which is perhaps the idea that modernity, in one way or another, is illegitimate, stand out among these responses. According to some of these anti-modern responses, modernity has usurped the characteristics and features of religion, which has been the soul as well as the main shaping force of the pre-modern era and has reproduced it in a corrupted form. Two German-speaking philosophers, Karl Popper and Hans Blumenberg, are among the intellectuals who have defended modernity against the onslaught of anti-modern tendencies. In this paper, I briefly, though critically, compare and contrast the approaches as well as some of the arguments of these two thinkers in defence of modernity.

At the present time, police is not aware about social changes in some matters and instead of FORECASTING social changes for preventing from their occurrence, confronting with cultural and political violently behaviors of different stratum of people and responsible. The lack of situation FORECASTING arise to making a decision in police which moreover than severe increasing of organizational expenses (human resources, budget and facilities) will deteriorated the conditions. This study has tried to focus on social CRISIS and presented a model for their FORECASTING. With regards to this model, the most essential administrative organization of CRISIS control (police) will be capable of preventing from such CRISIS occurrences. This study is cross functional, applied, descriptive, compound, explorative and research. The results showed that among the important and effective factors on FORECASTING social changes, the majority of addressees had been concentrated on all items (time, matters, people and geography) alternatives. With regards to these results, the attitude is that the highest degree of security and social peace is established in the time that problem-solving had been upon discourse and consisted of total spectrum of social security and peace (software and holistic approach). 31 agents have considered as promotive agents of social security which increasing social welfare, expanding social justice and legal entity are settled in first to third rank for safeguarding interests of groups or special groups. At the end, the social CRISIS FORECASTING model has presented for preventing from those via Naja with emphasis to problems, people, time and geography components.

The present study attempts to shed lights on the way "climate-related usual and disastrous events" are forecasted by Iran Meteorological Organization and how they are covered by IRIB. This research is carried out through a "content analysis" of news items broadcast various provincial newscasts as well as Channel One newscast at 21: 00 and IRINN newscast at 13: 00 during the years of 2014, 2015 and 2016. The results of each newscast have been compared. For practical aims, as survey was conducted and the views of meteorological experts as well as news editors-in-chief with regard to the way weather-related news events are managed were gathered consequently. The findings indicated that the rhetoric and terminology used in almost half of the weather reports on dangerous and disastrous events were not "sensitizing and warning". About 22 percent of critical events were not forecasted in the Meteorological Organization's announcement and 33 percent of weather reports were not consistent with the organization's forecast announcements. In 92.5 percent of weather reports, no experts and employers-at-risk were interviewed for training implications. The forecasts of 58.5 percent of dangers were reflected as usual weather events with low priority at the end of newscasts and with the same amount of time (55 percent of weather reports on usual events and 47 on critical events lasted from one to two minutes). Literature review shows that no other study has been carried out on the subject about IRIB. Therefore, the present work is a new and innovative research.

The main focus of this article is a review of Critique and CRISIS, Enlightenment and the Pathogenesis of Modern Society by Reinhart Koselleck. Critique and CRISIS was first published in German in 1959 and published in English in 1988 by The MIT Press. Koselleck’ s book attempts to explain the Utopian ideas of the twentieth century by looking at their origins in the eighteenth. The main idea of Critique and CRISIS is that the Enlightenment itself became Utopian and even hypocritical because-as far as continental Europe was concerned-it saw itself excluded from political power-sharing. The structure of Absolutism, which was rooted in the dichotomy between sovereign and subject, between public policy and private morality, prevented the Enlightenment and the emancipation movement produced by it from seeing itself as a political phenomenon. Instead the Enlightenment developed patterns of thought and behaviour which, at the latest from 1789 onwards, foundered on the rocks of the concrete political challenges that arose. The Enlightenment succumbed to a Utopian image which, while deceptively propelling it, helped to produce contradictions that could not be resolved in practice and prepared the way for the Terror and for dictatorship. The main idea of Koselleck’ s book seems to be based on the idea of Carl Schmitt in The Leviathan in the State Theory of Thomas Hobbes, which he explains and expand in this book. Koselleck’ s critique and its historical entwinement with twentieth-century totalitarianism is a biased or willfully selective picture.

In world economy, crude oil is considered as one of the most strategic commodities playing a vital role in the determination of many regional and global equations. So, it is well known that an intense fluctuation of the oil price causes large recession in OPEC countries. So many researchers attempt to forecast crude oil price while oil market is one of the most complex, turbulent and chaotic international financial markets. In present research, gray system theory is utilized to model and forecast the price of crude oil. The results represent that gray FORECASTING model significantly improves the accuracy of the FORECASTING operation.

Background and Objectives: CRISIS is an event which occurs all of a sudden, and is a serious threat for to infrastructures and/or basic values and norms of a system which requires rapid reaction. Taking consideration the role of communication and information providing during CRISIS, the present research aims at finding ways to access ways of communication during crises.Method: The present study, reviews the results of communication during crises through searching in valid electronic databases such as SID and Magiran, and through using keywords review articles and works of CRISIS experts, and some of them selected.Findings: CRISIS management system should focus on providing information to the public and officials during the CRISIS, before and after it, and try to implement projects proportionate with CRISIS conditions.Conclusion: There are two approaches for combating and controlling CRISIS: direct and indirect. In both of the approaches CRISIS managers should keep in touch with all the concerned and affected parties, i.e. the public and CRISIS control managers. While disclosing the nature of rioters, CRISIS managers should ensure them that they will control the conditions and should try to encourage them to cooperate with them. Meanwhile, they should make the rioters convinced to either withdraw or adjust their requests and approaches.

The aim of the article is to review of strategies and decisions by the US and North Korea and their results (outcomes) during North Korea nuclear CRISIS. To this end, article viewed to John Brams’ Theory of Moves. Since 1993 that issue of North Korea nuclear program looked by global society as an explicitly threat, strategies and counter strategies by the North Korea and the US assumed that, ultimately, caused achieving of nuclear bomb by the North Korea and test it two times. Following it America established massive economic sanctions in frame of Security Council against North Korea. In the article view, each decision (move) by each one was for maximizing of interests and minimizing of risks and, of course, has closed relations to other one’ move. Hence tow countries' strategies have undulated in two positions of hard line stance and comprising. Article found that at the first time, the aim of North Korea in produce nuclear bomb was getting some upper hand and grant, none deterrence, but after whatever refrain of 1994 contrast by the US and threatening of Pyong Yang it has tended to achieve atomic bomb.

FORECASTING methods have wide applications in decision making. In the real world, rapid changes normally take place in different areas, specifically in financial markets. Collecting the required data is a main problem for forecaster in such unstable environments .The superiority of grey models over conventional FORECASTING model is that grey models require only a limited amount of data to predict behaviors of systems without knowing their mathematical models. This paper investigated Grey models for FORECASTING crude oil price and compared accuracy of models. The results obtained shows that operating of Rolling Grey and Grey M (1, 1) are better than another using models.